We have previously discussed the well-known French Paradox, where we demonstrated that the probable cause of this contradiction lies in the use of olive oil (in the south) and butter (in the north).
But there is also a much less known Spanish Paradox. This phenomenon can be observed in Spain, where the population is increasingly facing conditions that can cause cardiovascular diseases. Think of dietary changes, lack of physical activity, the effects of smoking, socio-economic stress factors, and economic uncertainties.
The prevalence of these risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has gradually increased in Spain in recent years. Yet, mortality from these diseases remains relatively low compared to other countries. Although more people suffer from cardiovascular problems, fewer die from them than expected based on international data. This has led scientists to question what explains this remarkable disconnect.
Research shows that the use of extra virgin olive oil has a protective effect on the heart and blood vessels, preventing the most severe consequences of cardiovascular problems. Despite the fact that people in Spain (and other Mediterranean countries) are living less healthily, extra virgin olive oil remains an essential part of the traditional Mediterranean diet. This could be a key factor in the lower mortality rates.
Especially children and young people are following the traditional dietary pattern less and less. Data from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food show that per capita consumption of key Mediterranean products has significantly declined between 2000 and 2023. The biggest drops are seen in fresh bread, wine, fish, seafood, grains, and extra virgin olive oil. The consumption of legumes, red meat, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, and rice has also decreased.
Read also: The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.
These changes in consumption are largely due to a decreasing adherence to traditional dietary patterns. Factors such as convenience (fast food and ultra-processed food), less time for cooking, rising product costs, and the influence of social media on food trends play a role in this.
The big question is whether the benefits of the Mediterranean diet will be maintained in the long term as dietary patterns change. Will the Spanish Paradox persist, or will mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases eventually increase? It is clear that promoting a healthy diet, including the use of extra virgin olive oil, remains crucial for public health.
[1] Soriguer et al: Mediterranean diet and the Spanish paradox. A hypothesis in Medical Hypotheses – 2013.
Despite an increase in risk factors such as an unhealthy diet and less physical activity, cardiovascular mortality in Spain remains surprisingly low. What explains this mysterious ‘Spanish Paradox’? Discover how a key element of the Mediterranean diet plays a crucial role.
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